Cultural aspects of the perception

Since the beginning of 90-ies, was conducted a number of studies aimed at identifying features of perception of different ways of introducing misconceptions on different samples with the use of IMT.

First, the fundamental study of Makkormaka, conducted in 1992, revealed that all types of manipulation are misleading. This study formed the basis of the above concept.

Jacobs questioned the results of the study of Makkormaka and proposed the principle of "quality superiority", in which he realizes the idea that a misrepresentation is necessarily effected through the breach of the principle of quality. However, further studies confirmed the high validity of the first model (Lapinski, Levine, 2000).

Then the young colleagues have identified cultural aspects of the perception of types of manipulation information on the students in Hong Kong. The result of this study was that students of Chinese culture is not perceived violation of the amount of transmitted information and the violation of the manner of transmission of information as deceptive (Yeung, Levine, & Nishiyama, 1999). According to Yang IMT is based on Western (individualistic) culture and, in applying it to specific Chinese culture distortion may occur. For example, in Chinese common culture, indirect communication style, and because omissions, refusal of criticism and exaggeration are not perceived as misleading.

Park and Ahn (Park, Ahn, 2007) found that Koreans do not perceive the violation of the manner of transmission of information as misleading. According to the researchers it affects common in Korea indirect style of communication – "nunchi" which involves the violation of several principles of normal communication.