The problem of determining lies and deceit

The solution to this issue is impossible without a clear and understandable definitions of cheating, lying and more subtle kinds of manipulation.
Deception became the object of serious scientific study for a long time. Since 50-ies of this issue began to do foreign psychologists, but the domestic science slowed down the ideological factor and, for this reason, the first large-scale study of cheating began to appear not so long ago – since the beginning of 90-ies. Now research fraud thrive and, therefore, there is a need to build bridges between domestic and foreign science about the lies.

After the first studies showing the first serious problems is the problem of determining lies and deceit, as well as the question of the relationship of lies, deceit, and misrepresentation.

With regard to definitions, the definitions are so many, how many researchers of this issue. For example, Ekman defines a lie as "a deliberate decision to mislead the person information, without notice of its intention to do so" (Ekman, 2003). A leading Russian specialist in this topic displays the following Signs definition of lying: "the deliberate distortion of subject know the truth" (Marks, 1993). Masip, having conducted a theoretical analysis on the subject, outputs a generalized definition: "a deliberate attempt, successful or unsuccessful, hide, or fabricate (or/and to manipulate) various (factual and emotional) information, verbally or non-verbally, with the purpose to create or maintain in another belief, which the Communicator considers to be different from the truth“ (Masip, 2004). The total that can be allocated in different definitions is that (1) is false necessarily an intentional act, (2) a lie may take place in different ways, and (3) the liar should be convinced of the falsity of the words (i.e. it should not be a cognitive error). Even at first glance it becomes obvious that the most respected definition difficult to understanding.